The movie again

• 508 B.C  Athens turned on their rulers.
• Clysthenes had been brought up since birth to be a ruler.  This night was a turning point for him.  He thought that the people should have freedom.
• born around 570 B.C.  He was an aristocrat.
• Athens was not big at all.
• acropolis!
• reading and writing was a rare skill and life expectancy was 15 years.  Life was tough
• Greece does not have unity because of the mountains.  It is divided into city states!
• each city state was very independent and had their own culture/
• Sparta was brought from birth to be soldiers.  
• they had conqered more than 4,00 square miles. 
• Ancient tales and myths were a big part of Greek history.
• To most famous tales are The Odyssey and Lilad.  Composed by Homer.
• Lilad is about the Trojan war.
• Odyssey was about Odeys.
• Stories were called epics.
• A tyrant is someone who takes control of the government.
• Pisistartus thought he saw Athena who but really it was just some girl from a neighboring village.  He told everyone that she told him to run Athens.
• he was a good leader, and began to transform the city.
• He cuts taxes and offers them loans.
• Olives were very important in their economy.  They started to trade across seas.
• The vase was also very important.  potter were very poor, but then they started to design them and make them pretty.  now they are worth millions!
• 527 B.C Pistritis died.  Hippieas, his son took over.
• at first he followed in his footsteps.  but then someone murdered his brother and he got bitter and mean.  He suspected everyone.
• Life had now become dangerous.  This is when Clithenes came in.  He was going to try to take over his title.
• He succeeded and banished him. Clithenes was called a hero! yayy! (:
• Asagaris takes over Hippieas and the people started to revolt. 508 B.C (back to beginning.)
• they wanted Clisthenes to rule!
• agora is a place carved out of rock.  it is wear they met for meetings.
• to vote on things, people used a black pebble for no and a white pebble for yes.
• in 490 B.C pheidippides liked to run.
• Persia was invading Greece ahh. so pheidippides ran to go get help.  he ran 140 miles in just 2 days.  to bad no one wanted to help.  Athens would have to fight alone.
• fortunately, the Greeks did win! :) yay.
• Themistocles 
• Tyremees were a scary looking, high tech boat that Themistocles created for war. They were very expensive!
• 483 B.C Athens discovered that they had a ton of silver.  they wanted to divide it for themselves but Themistocles wanted to buy it for ships.
• he told everyone tht they were going to use it for attacking city states instead of Persia.  They made and amazing naval force
• Xerses was the king of Persia and wanted to avenge is father and take over Athens.  
• in 480 B.C the Persian empire set out for Greece.  Athens got quite scared and they turned to the oracle of Delphi.  There fate was quite bad...
• Themistocles refuse to panic!  he went back to the oracle and she said the wooden wall will not fail. There was hope.  
• he decided to fight them at sea.
• Themistocles ordered evacuation of women and children and sent them to an island.  He is going to fight between the island and their homeland.  
• the Greeks won again! Xerses was quite upset.
• delian league was the Greeks pulling all their forces together kind of like the united nations.  Athens was the leader.
• Athens was living the good life.
• Themistocles was ostrosized because everyone thought he was to stuck up.
• PARICLES was the leader of Athens at the hight of Athens.  
• He made a parthonon for Athena.  one of the most ASTONISHING building ever.
• 20,000 tons of marble made in 15 years.
• He also made a 40 foot statue of Athena.
• Most famous is a wall in the temple.  it has carved Athenians in it.  (Frizz)
• Spasia was a companion to Paricles.  
• twice a year athenias would gather at the theater to watch a festival.
• The Greeks basically invented drama.
• 
  

More Notes on Greece!

Geography of Greece:

• Mountainous peninsula.  3/4 is mountains.  
• aprox. 1,400 islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas.
• location shaped its culture
• skilled sailors
• poor natural resources
• difficult to united together because of the terrain; developed small, independent communities. (city states)
• 20% is suitable for farming.
• fertile valleys covered about 1/4 of the peninsula.
• lots of grains, grapes, and olives. (olive oil)
• temperature ranges from 48 in the winter to 80 in the summer.

Mycenaeans:

• began around 2000 B.C.
• located on a rocky ridge protected by 20ft wall
• mycenaean kings dominated Greece from 1600- 1200
• controlled trade in the region
• around 1200 B.C sea people (Dorians) began to invade M and burnt palaces.
• Far less advanced 
• economy collapsed
• writing disappeared for 400 years.
• Dark Ages

Homer and Myths

• only stories were passed through word of mouth
• Homer lived in the dark ages
• recorded stories of the Trojan War in the lliad and the odyssey

The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization Movie

• Very powerful and headstrong people.
• They would take over armies twice their size.
• about 3 centuries before Christ a battle occured in Athens.
• Plithenies was born around 570 B.C. and was born a ruler.  
• Athens was a small town in the peninsula of Greece.
• reading and writing was rare school.
• Ancient Greek life was extremely hard and short.
• Greece was divided into city states, each very different and with its own culture.
• Corinthians were good at trading.
• Spartans were broad up at birth to be soldiers.
• Spartans wore red capes to hide their, or their enemies' blood.
• A tyrant is a person who takes over the government.
• Athena was the patron god of Athens.
• This tyrant Pysistretus was approached by a lady that he thought was Athena, but really wasn't.
• He thought this was a sign that he should rule.  
• Pysistretus began to transform the city.  
• Olives are a big part of Greece's economy.
• They traded olive oil with Egypt.
• Greeks found their wealth and prosperity on the rise.
• The vase was Greeks first artistic legacy. 
• A potter had no respect.  but then started making beautiful pottery that is now worth a lot today
• when Pysistreus died.  His son took over, but was not a good leader.
• in 514 B.C  His brother died and he turned bitter.
• Aristotle said he was mad.
• Life in Greece had now become dangerous.
• Plyseneise thought his time was now and tried to overthrow the tyrant.   He won and was no one of the most heroic leaders of Greece.
• Greeks got together in peace for the Olympic games.
• In 508 B.C Athens had an uprising against their ruler and seized power for them selves.
• The Athenians looked to Klathenese to rule their government.
• Klathenese used black and white pebble so the people can vote on things.
• Fatibities ran a whole 140 because his homeland was about to be conquered by the Persian empire.  He went to go get help.
• The Greeks did end up winning.
• Xeres wanted vengence from his fathers defeat, and marched into Athens.
• The Athenians got scared and sent a messenger to the oracle to find out their fate.  
• The oracle told them they were doomed and everyone went into an uproar.
• He decided to fight them at sea.
• 
  

Empires and Such

Barbarian- anyone that was not Greek.  A person living outside the roman empire

Cyrus the Great- means sun- like in the Greek version of the Old Persian.  Found the first world empire!  After he died, his sons ruled, Cambyses I and Arsames.

Darius the Great- king of Persia, one of the greatest rulers.  He tried several times to take over Greece but failed.

The battle of marathon- in august or September.  First victory of the Persian war for the Greeks.  

Xerses- Persian King 486 B.C planned to avenge his father and take over Greece.  He planned first to invade by sea and then by land.

Bridge of Hellespont- command boats to latch together a bridge.  used to cross Asia and Europe.  It was destroyed in a storm.  he got mad and started to whip the water to punish the gods.  

Leonidas-  one of the few leaders that had undergone spartan training.  He was the hero king of sparta. lean mean fighting machine.

Peloponnesse, Greece-  Where the Spartans lived.  some of the most bloody battles.  

Herodutos-  a Greek historian.  we would not know a lot about Greece if it wasn't for him.  Father of history.  reporter for battles. ethnographics and socialigist.

More Notes on Egypt

Egypt's economy:

• tourism (who wouldn't want to go to Egypt?)
• oil and natural gas manufacturing.
• agricultural- making most of their limited arable land (3%)  Cotton, corn, rice, fava beans.
• The Aswan Dam- controls the flooding of the Nile, and increases reclaimed land

Egypt's demographics

• 79 million people- biggest populations out of all the Middle eastern nations.  # biggest African country
• Cairo: 6.7 million people.
• official language: Arabic  (English, French, and German are also taught.
• religion: about 90% Muslim.  The rest are mostly Christian.
• Christians do not get along with the Christians.
• 1922 was the end of protectorate with the United Kingdom.
• 1953- Egypt was declared republic.
• 1954-1970 ruled by Gamal Masser
• forms allegiance with the Soviet Union.
• 1970-1981 ruled by Anwar Sadat.  Switched allegiance to the United States
• Attacked Israel and got some of their land back, but later made peace.
• Anwar Sadat was assassinated is 1981 because he wanted to make peace. ouch.
• 1981- 2011 was ruled by Hosni Mubarak.  Kept and alliance with U.S and helped us with the war.
• He was accused of corruption, political persecution, human rights violations.
• He was driven from office last month.  thats awkward.
• whats next for Egypt? No one knows...  Now the military is running things until the September elections.  There is a slight problem because the don't even have political parties.  

Ancient Egypt Notes (from prezi)

What we are covering:

1. geography
2. daily life
3. pharaohs
4. pyramids

Geography:

• life was centered around the Nile river.
• flows from south to north.
• water was used for drinking, irrigating, and bathing.
• Every July, the Nile floods.
• first people to create a calender from the moon.
• Every October, the flood leaves rich soil.
• The delta is a broad marshy triangular are of fertile silt.
• managing the rive required technological breakthrough in irrigation

Pyramids:

• strange to think that they could have built them.
• used very particular angles
• The most popular pyramid is the great Sphynx of Giza. (A lion with a humans head.)
• It is the oldest monumental statue in the world, built 4500 years ago.

Daily Life:

• A lot of the people were slaves and servants.  from there it goes farmers, artisans, merchants, scriber, soldiers, government officials (nobles, priest), Pharaoh.
• slaves and servants helped the wealthy and worked in peoples homes. 
• farmers feed everyone.  raised wheat, barley etc.
• artisans drew picture, carve statues, showing military battles, every day life, etc.
• money/barter system was used- merchants might accept bags of grain for payment- later coinage came about.
• scribes kept records, told stories, wrote poetry, anatomy and medical treatment, etc. Wrote hieroglyphics and in hieratic.  
• soldiers use wooden weapons, bow and arrows with bronze tips and might ride chariots.
• Government known as the "white kilt class"- priests, engineers, physicians.  wore white kilts.
• Pharaoh is the religious and political leader.  Told the government what to sacrifice.  "Lord of two Lands"
• Hatshepsut was a woman who served as the pharaoh.
• Cleopatra VII also served as a pharaoh.